Water quality generally ranges from fresh to slightly saline. About 55 percent of all water used in Texas was sourced through aquifers in 2019. The Catahoula Aquifer is considered an Alternative Water Source (AWS) in Montgomery County. Texas has numerous aquifers capable of producing groundwater for households, municipalities, industry, farms, and ranches. Several agencies are investigating playa recharge and agricultural re-use projects over the aquifer. It's very responsive to the weather and very responsive to drought, unfortunately. Located west of the Franklin Mountains, the Mesilla Bolson reaches up to 2,000 feet in thickness and contains three separate water-producing zones. The aquifer is comprised of the Twin Mountains, Glen Rose, Paluxy, Hosston, and Hensell formations. This map, which was derived fromGround Water Atlas of the United Statesdata (published as part of the National Atlas in 1998, revised 2003) indicates the areal extent of the uppermost principal aquifers on a national scale. Volcanic-rock aquifers have a wide range of chemical, mineralogic, structural, and hydraulic properties Aquifer maps often include large-to-small areas that are designated "minor aquifer," "not a principal aquifer," or "confining unit. These are usually areas are underlain by low-permeability deposits and rocks, unsaturated materials, or aquifers that supply little water because they are of local extent, poorly permeable, or both. Results of the Regional A, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Reston, VA 20192, Region 2: South Atlantic-Gulf (Includes Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands), Region 12: Pacific Islands (American Samoa, Hawaii, Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands), map representation of the principal aquifers, Principal Aquifers of the 48 Conterminous United States, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, Circular 1279,Estimated Withdrawals from Principal Aquifers in the United States, 2000, Groundwater, Aquifers, Wells, and Springs, Users Manual for the National Water Information System of the U.S. Geological Survey: Aggregate Water-Use Data System, Version 3.2, Estimated withdrawals from principal aquifers in the United States, 2000, Principal aquifers [of the United States], Arkansas, Colorado, Delaware, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Jersey, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wyoming, Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Wisconsin, Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming, Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Wyoming, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Tennessee, Texas, Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Tennessee, Alabama, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, New York and New England crystalline-rock aquifers, Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont, New York and New England carbonate-rock aquifers, Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Vermont, North Coast Limestone aquifer system (Puerto Rico), Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system, Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Northern Rocky Mountains Intermontane Basins aquifer systems, Arkansas, Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming, California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming, Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, Alabama, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Piedmont and Blue Ridge carbonate-rock aquifers, Maryland, New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Piedmont and Blue Ridge crystalline-rock aquifers, Alabama, Delaware, District of Columbia, Georgia, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Sand and gravel aquifers (glaciated regions), Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Vermont, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Michigan, Missouri, Ohio, Tennessee, Wisconsin, Southeastern Coastal Plain aquifer system, Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, South Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Alabama, Georgia, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, First publication of the core of the national aquifer list in a comprehensive manner was the, Aquifers shown on the 2003 Principal Aquifers map, with some additions, were used as the first National Aquifer reference list in NWIS, released in AWUDS v. 1.0 for the national compilation of water-use data for the year 2000 (database released in August 2001). The Maverick Aquifer, as it's been named, lies more than a mile deep under parts of Maverick, Uvalde, Dimmit and Kinney Counties. Larry French, director of the groundwater division at the Texas Water Development Board, spoke to Texas Standard about its potential . About 60 percent of the approximately 16 million acre-feet of water used yearly in Texas is derived from underground formations that make up 9 major and 22 minor aquifers (for map of minor aquifers, click). A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Official websites use .gov Surficial deposits of glacial origin (New Jersey) should be included in Sand and gravel aquifers (glaciated regions). Aquifers in carbonate rocks are most extensive in the eastern U.S. ; Metadata - The Edwards Aquifer maps were developed from official printed maps that contain regulatory boundaries based on geologic interpretations of the Edwards Aquifer zonesthat is, the recharge, transition, and contributing within the transition zones, as . The Wilcox Group and overlying Carrizo Sand form a hydrologically connected system of sand locally interbedded with clay, silt, lignite, and gravel. These data delineate the areal extent of the alluvial and glacial aquifers as defined in The Ground Water Atlas of The United States. And so we've seen water levels drop in those aquifers and we've seen spring flows as a response also drop. Water levels in several counties in this region are very low due to over-pumping. Irrigation was the principal use in Medina and Uvalde counties. Aquifer Code Name. Some of the state's largest water level declines, ranging from 350 to more than 1,000 feet, have occurred in counties along the IH-35 corridor from McLennan County to Grayson County. Sulfate and chloride concentrations also tend to increase with depth. About 32 percent of water used to meet municipal demands is from groundwater. The information was collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and other agencies during the course of many years of study. 1700 North Congress Avenue, Austin, TX 78701TEL: 512-463-7847 / FAX: 512-475-2053, Asset Management Program for Small Systems, State Water Implementation Fund for Texas (SWIFT), Guidance & References for Online Loan Application, State Water Implementation Fund for Texas, 6th Planning Cycle Information (2026 RWPs), 2021 Regional Water Plans & Previous Plans, Regional Water Planning Data Entry Application (RWP22) Training, District Information (O-Z and Other Districts), Extended Naturalize Flow and Reservoir Evaporation, Flood Planning Useful Links and Resources, Drought Response and Financial Assistance, Water Conservation Plan ~ Utility Profile, Historical Water Loss Audit and Conservation Annual Report Data, Industrial, Commercial & Institutional (ICI), Brackish Resources Aquifer Characterization System, Notice of Nondiscrimination and Reasonable Accommodation, Texas Natural Resources Information System (TNRIS), Texas Water Infrastructure Coordination Committee (TWICC). Aquifers are shown in the States of Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, and Montana. The study area comprises about 2,000 square miles of out-crops of the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers in northwest Harris County, Montgomery County, and southern Walker County. Aquifers can contain fresh, brackish, or saline water; or, usually, all three There are several types of aquifers with very different characteristics Michael Conner: Understanding Aquifers 7 All the "science" about aquifers is a simplification, and it is frequently quite controversial. In Harris, Galveston, Fort Bend, Jasper, and Wharton counties, water level declines of as much as 350 feet have led to land subsidence. There are nine major aquifers and 22 minor aquifers that supply groundwater for municipal and irrigation needs throughout the state. Sandstone aquifers can be highly productive and provide large volumes of water. Additionalhydrogeologicand groundwater recharge data is available through theRegional Groundwater Availability Studiesof theNational Water Census. The information was collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and other agencies during the course of many years of study. San Antonio For a deeper dive into principal aquifers:TheGround Water Atlas of the United States(USGS Hydrologic Atlas 730,published inchapters from 1990 to2000) describes the location, hydrologic characteristics, and geologic characteristics of the principal aquifers throughout thefiftyStates, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The map layer was developed as part of the effort to produce the maps published at 1:2,500,000 in the printed series Ground Water Atlas of the United States. Elsewhere, water from the Trinity Aquifer is used primarily for municipal and domestic supply. Nearly 80 percent of the groundwater produced in 2008 was used for irrigating crops, especially in the Panhandle region. Please note that the maps do not show the entire extent of an aquifer, only itssubcropor outcrop area. Does your community have an annual fair or festival you'd like to have listed on our site, or in the next Texas Almanac? The aquifer consists of sand, gravel, clay, and silt and has a maximum thickness of 800 feet. Texas Gulf Coast Groundwater and Land Subsidence Over Forty Years of Research in the Houston-Galveston Region. For Geophysical Well Log assistance contact. Water Systems Where the Glen Rose thins or is absent, the Twin Mountains and Paluxy formations coalesce to form the Antlers Formation. Aquifers covered by less permeable formations, such as clay, are confined under artesian pressure. The availability of this water is critical to the economy of the region, as approximately 95 percent of groundwater pumped is used for irrigated agriculture. Edwards (Balcones Fault Zone) (San Antonio-oriented) Years of heavy pumpage have caused significant water-level declines in portions of the aquifer. In 2008, irrigation accounted for 43 percent of water pumped from the aquifer, and municipal supply accounted for 47 percent. Total ground-water withdrawals were 76,500 million gallons per day, or 85,800 thousand acre-feet per year for these three uses. National aquifers, or principal aquifers of the United States, are defined as regionally extensive aquifers or aquifer systems that have the potential to be used as a source of potable(drinkable)water. In the south, the Trinity includes the Glen Rose and underlying Travis Peak formations. Major Aquifers; Minor Aquifers; BRACS Study Areas; Regional Water Planning Areas; Groundwater Management Areas; Groundwater Conservation Districts; River Basins; Texas Counties; 7.5' USGS Grid; 2.5' State Grid; Base Maps Computer models of the northern and southern portions of the Ogallala aquifer were completed by the Texas Water Development Board and its contractor. Water-use data collected using this list of aquifers will be published in. About 75 percent of this water is used for irrigation, with irrigators withdrawing most of this water from the Ogallala Aquifer alone (74 percent of all groundwater used for irrigation, or 4.5 million acre-feet per year). Increased salinity may be associated with evaporative concentration of groundwater in saline playa lakes in the southern portion of the aquifer, up flow of more saline groundwater from the underlying Dockum Aquifer and other sources./p>. Aquifers are vital to the states economy and environment, highlighting the need for their proper management and conservation. Water Tour | Aquifers Overview | Print Snapshot (PDF). You may need to request the addition of Alluvial aquifers to the list of aquifers valid in your State. Their combined freshwater saturated thickness averages about 600 feet in North Texas and about 1,900 feet in Central Texas. The aquifer is comprised of the Twin Mountains, Glen Rose, Paluxy, Hosston, and Hensell formations. Irrigation, mainly in the northwestern portion of the region, accounted for about 79 percent of total aquifer use in 2008 and has resulted in significant water-level declines in Glasscock and Reagan counties. Most of the carbonate-rock aquifers consist of limestone, but dolomite and marble locally yield water. Footer Social Media Navigation Water quality in the Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer shows isolated areas of slightly saline to moderately saline groundwater in the eastern and central portions of the aquifer and more widespread areas of slightly to moderately saline groundwater in the southwest. Below are publications associated with national aquifers. Major Aquifers of Texas [Map] Author: Texas Water Development Board (TWDB) Year: 2006: Document Number: 1295: HCP EIS Reference: . This website compiles USGS resources and data related to principal aquifers including Aquifer Basics, principal aquifers maps and GIS data, and the National Aquifer Code Reference List. Barton SpringsEdwards Aquifer Conservation District provides aquifer management for the rest of Hays and southern Travis counties, and the Kinney County Groundwater Conservation District manages the aquifer segment within Kinney County. (March 2005), Surficial aquifer system: removed the following States from the valid list: Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, Virginia. Guadalupe runs dry with rainfall scarce. The Edwards aquifer in the Balcones fault zone of southcentral Texas is one of the most permeable and most productive aquifers in the world. Below are other webpages associated with principal aquifers. The Ogallala aquifer extends through 48 counties of the Texas Panhandle and is the southernmost extension of the largest aquifer (High Plains aquifer) in North America. However, because these aquifers extend over large areas, large volumes of water can be withdrawn. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS In general, groundwater is fresh but very hard in the outcrop of the aquifer. Revisions to the reference list since it was first used by NWIS: Northern Great Plains aquifer system was removed:this umbrella term includes four national aquifers but is not considered a national aquifer itself. Water in the aquifer occurs in fractures, honeycomb zones (or intergranular pores), and solution channels in the Edwards and associated limestone formations of Cretaceous age. Texas State Historical Association. In 2005,thenational aquiferinformationwas addedto NWIS, allowing users to search by national aquifer code and name from the reference list below. Browse our curated list of helpful links for students and researchers. The component aquifers are Lower Tertiary, Upper Cretaceous, Lower Cretaceous, and Paleozoic. In most places where these two rock types are interbedded, the carbonate rocks yield much more water than the sandstone. Anaquiferis a geologic formation, a group of formations, or a part of a formation that contains sufficient saturated permeable material to yield significant quantities of water to wells and springs. Although water level declines in excess of 300 feet have occurred in several areas over the last 50 to 60 years, the rate of decline has slowed, and water levels have risen in a few areas. Parts of the aquifer in the Winter Garden area and portions of Brazos County are slightly to moderately saline, with total dissolved solids ranging from 1,000 to 7,000 milligrams per liter. For the distance tool click points on the map to build line segments to measure and double click to complete the measurement. Elevation (ft) Well Depth (ft) Water Level Observation Type. An official website of the United States government. Entriesinitalicsare no longer valid.To learn more about a specific aquifer, visit the Principal Aquifers websitefor an overview, or access more extensive information from theGround Water Atlas of the United States. 400--Carbonate-rock aquifers. . Groundwater also supplies about 35 percent of the municipal needs of the state. Historically, Texas has had a wealth of fresh to slightly saline water, which underlies more than 81 percent of the state. The San Antonio River Authority also has a number of flood-control structures that effectively recharge the aquifer. Their combined freshwater saturated thickness averages about 600 feet in North Texas and about 1,900 feet in Central Texas. The Texas Water Development Board recognizes and names 15 such aquifers. To learn more, visit theNational Aquifer Code Reference List. 1, Management plan data for Llano Estacado UWCD, Management Plan Information for Hemphill County UWCD, Management plan information for Mesquite GCD, Management plan information for High Plains UWCD #1, Management plan information for Hemphil County UWCD, Proportion of aquifer with groundwater conservation districts: 86 percent, Number of counties containing the aquifer: 49. Consisting of up to 1,500 feet of alluvial fill, the aquifer occupies two hydrologically separate basins: the Pecos Trough in the west and the Monument Draw Trough in the east. Delineations of the downdip boundaries of such aquifers as the Edwards (BFZ), Trinity, and Carrizo-Wilcox are based on chemical quality criteria. Select the area, distance or location tool below. Surficial deposits which are not of glacial origin may be coded as Alluvial aquifers. Aquifers are shown in the States of Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, and Montana. The principal aquifer in Uvalde County is the Edwards and associated limestones of Cretaceous age. Proceeds benefit education in TX. (in error) Northern Great Plains aquifer system, Some revisions to the lists of valid States, this code, and reference list were added to the NWIS Site File and toNWISWebwith the release of NWIS 4.5 in 2005; see the WMA Technical Memo "NWIS 4.5 -- Assigning National Aquifer Codes in the Ground Water Site Inventory (GWSI) for the NWIS 4.5 Release.". 600--Igneous and metamorphic-rock aquifers. There are nine major aquifers and 22 minor aquifers that supply groundwater for municipal and irrigation needs throughout the state. Spaces in crystalline rocks are microscopically small, few, and generally unconnected. The Gulf Coast aquifer forms an irregularly shaped belt that parallels the Texas coastline and extends through 54 counties from the Rio Grande northeastward to the Louisiana border. The Trinity Aquifer is a major aquifer that extends across much of the central and northeastern part of the state. Find out the correct way to pronounce Mexiaalong with hundreds of other places all across Texasby downloading our helpful Pronunciation Guide We'd love to hear from you. The desired future conditions provide the foundation for estimating the amount of groundwater available to the region. Get your free copy of the 20202021 Texas Almanac eBook. H2Oaks is For an overview ofprincipalaquifers:The principal water-yielding aquifers of North America can be grouped into five types by rock type and location: unconsolidated and semiconsolidated sand and gravel aquifers, sandstone aquifers, carbonate-rock aquifers, aquifers in interbedded sandstone and carbonate rocks, and aquifers in igneous and metamorphic rocks. A lock () or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. They are grouped into four categories: basin-fill, blanket sand and gravel, glacial-deposit, and stream-valley aquifers. Groundwater movement in sandstone aquifers primarily is along bedding planes, but joints and fractures provide avenues for the vertical movement of water. El Paso, however, has reduced its use of groundwater from the Hueco Bolson since 1989, and observation wells indicate that water levels have stabilized. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. The Texas Water Development Board (TWDB) has identified and characterized nine major and 20 minor aquifers in the state based on the quantity of water supplied by each. The name of N600NECRSN was changedfrom "New England crystalline-rock aquifers" to "New York and New England crystalline-rock aquifers" to better reflect the geographic extent (January 2015). Most of the water pumped from the aquifer is used for irrigation. . Texas Water Development Board. Elsewhere, the aquifer supplies fresh but hard water for municipal, domestic, and livestock use. Groundwater encountered within this area is normally under unconfined, water-table conditions and is most susceptible to contamination. This document provides information on the basic functions of AWUDS and the steps f, Fresh ground-water withdrawals from 66 principal aquifers in the United States were estimated for irrigation, public-supply, and self-supplied industrial water uses for the year 2000. Water quality is generally good northeast of the San Antonio River basin, but deteriorates to the southwest. geline aquifers near Houston, Texas. Aquifers play a major role in providing water to many parts of Texas. These aquifers consist of limestones, sands, clays, gravels, and conglomerates. Well, in Central Texas, and particularly the Edwards Aquifer, it's an aquifer that has a lot of caves in it and fractures. For the location tool click on the map to get coordinates for a particular location. For the area tool click points on the map to begin building the polygon you want to measure and then double click to close the polygon. Summary The Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer is a major aquifer extending from the Louisiana border to the border of Mexico in a wide band adjacent to and northwest of the Gulf Coast Aquifer. The aquifer maps and reports undergo continual revision to reflect the latest information available. The Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer has long been utilized by private well owners, municipalities, agricultural producers and industry. Water to the north of the Canadian River is generally fresh, with total dissolved solids typically less than 400 milligrams per liter. It consists of the Hooper, Simsboro, and Calvert Bluff formations of the Wilcox Group and the overlying Carrizo Formation of the Claiborne Group. The presence of contaminants in a source water can constrain its suitability for drinking. Edwards Aquifer Map Viewer. The largest area of groundwater-level decline in the Ogallala aquifer was found in Gaines County to the southwest of Denver City, Texas. Eastward-flowing streams during the Quaternary Period deposited discontinuous beds of poorly sorted gravel, sand, silt, and clay that were later dissected by erosion, resulting in the isolated remnants of the formation. Near the plateaus edge, flow is toward the main streams, where the water issues from springs. Most water from aquifers is used for irrigation. The Ogallala Aquifer provides significantly more water for users than any other aquifer in the state. The first publication of the core of the national aquifer list in a comprehensive manner was theGround Water Atlas of the United States(USGS Hydrologic Atlas 730, published in 2000) published as part of the National Atlas in 1998, revised 2003. Local aquifer: Not all groundwater sites have been associated with a local aquifer. The Ordovician age Ellenburger aquifer is a fractured limestone and dolomite and is present in the southeastern and northwestern portions of the county. These aquifers, which are in rocks that range in age from Pleistocene to Cambrian, Major Aquifers; Minor Aquifers; BRACS Study Areas; Regional Water Planning Areas; Groundwater Management Areas; Groundwater Conservation Districts; River Basins; Texas Counties; 7.5' USGS Grid; 2.5' State Grid; Base Maps Unconsolidated sand and gravel aquifers are characterized by intergranular porosity and all contain water primarily under unconfined, or water-table, conditions. Whether you are a teacher or home-school parent, you will find our Teacher's Guide to be an invaluable tool for teaching all things Texas to your students. (February 2005), Valley and Ridge carbonate-rock aquifers were removed:these now should be included in Valley and Ridge aquifers. Water levels in the Trinity Aquifer, the county's main source of groundwater, plunged. 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